Lesson 25 Do the English speak English?
First listen and then answer the question.
Why does the writer not understand the porter?
I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. ‘I am a foreigner,’ I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. ‘You’ll soon learn English!’ he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don’t understand them! Do they speak English?
New words and expressions 生词和短语
- at last /æt lɑːst/ 最后;终于;最终
- rail·way /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路;铁道;铁路系统
- por·ter /ˈpɔːtə(r)/ n. (车站、酒店的)搬运工;门房;(火车上的)服务员
- seve·ral /ˈsevrəl/ pron. 几个;数个 adj. 几个的;数个的;各自的;
- fo·reig·ner /ˈfɒrənə(r)/ n. 外国人;外来人;异乡人
- won·der /ˈwʌndə(r)/ v. 想知道;疑惑;好奇;n. 奇观;奇迹;惊讶
Notes on the text 课文注释
参考译文
我终于到了伦敦。火车站很大,又黑又暗。我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走, 于是向一个搬运工打听。我的英语讲得不但非常认真,而且咬字也非常清楚。 然而搬运工却不明白我的话。我把问话重复了很多遍。 他终于听懂了。他回答了,但他讲得既不慢也不清楚。“我是个外国人,”我说。于是他说得慢了,可我还是听不懂。我的老师从来不那样讲英语!我和搬运工相视一笑。 接着,他说了点什么,这回我听懂了。“您会很快学会英语的!”他说。我感到奇怪。在英国,人们各自说着一种不同的语言。 英国人之间相互听得懂,可我却不懂他们的话!他们说的是英语吗?
Key structure 关键句型
一、表 “并列 / 顺承” 的连词(两件事并列或先后发生)
1. and(和,然后)
- 用法:连接 “并列的事物” 或 “先后发生的动作”,前后句无矛盾。
- 文档例句:“He finished lunch and went into the garden”(🔶123)——“吃完午饭” 和 “走进花园” 是先后动作,用 and 连接。
- 课文延伸:课文中 “we looked at each other and smiled”(🔶122 第 8 行)——“相视” 和 “微笑” 是并列动作,符合用法。
- 易错点:不要连接无关的句子(如 “I like cats and it rains today”,两件事无关联,错)。
2. both … and(两者都)
- 用法:连接 “两个并列的人或事物”,强调 “两者都具备某特征 / 做某动作”,动词用复数。
- 文档例句:“Both he and I teach English”(🔶123)—— 连接 “he” 和 “I”,强调 “两人都教英语”,动词 “teach” 用复数。
- 易错点:不能说 “Both he and I teaches”(动词用单数,错),也不能连接 “不对等成分”(如 “Both he and teaching English”,错,应连接 “人 + 人” 或 “事物 + 事物”)。
二、表 “转折 / 对比” 的连词(前后句意思相反或有反差)
1. but(但是)
- 用法:连接 “意思相反的两个句子”,突出前后反差。
- 课文原句:“I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well”(🔶122 第 3-4 行)—— 这里 “but” 配合 “not only” 表递进,纯转折如 “he spoke slowly but I couldn’t understand”(🔶122 第 7 行),“说得慢” 和 “听不懂” 是反差。
- 文档例句:“I ran to the station but missed the train”(🔶123)——“跑到车站” 和 “误火车” 是反差,符合用法。
- 易错点:别和 “and” 混淆,“and” 表顺承,“but” 表转折(如 “我吃饭 and 喝汤” 是顺承,“我吃饭 but 没喝汤” 是转折)。
2. yet(然而,但是)
- 用法:和 “but” 意思相近,更强调 “出乎意料的转折”(没想到会这样),可和 “but” 互换。
- 文档延伸:结合文档并列句逻辑,可造例句 “He studied hard yet failed the exam”(他努力学习了,然而还是没及格)——“努力” 和 “不及格” 是出乎意料的转折。
- 易错点:yet 常放在句末或句中(如 “I tried, yet I failed”),不用在句首,且前后句主语可不同。
三、表 “因果” 的连词(前因后果)
so(所以,因此)
- 用法:前句是 “原因”,后句是 “结果”,强调 “因为前者,所以有后者”。
- 课文原句:“I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter”(🔶122 第 3 行)——“不知道路”(原因)→“问搬运工”(结果),直接体现因果。
- 易错点:不能反过来用(如 “我问搬运工 so 不知道路”,因果颠倒,错),且 so 后面不接 “because”(如 “because I was hungry so I ate”,错,只能用一个因果连词)。
四、表 “选择” 的连词(从两个选项中选一个)
1. or(或者,否则)
- 用法:有两种含义:①表 “选择”(选 A 或选 B);②表 “警告”(否则会怎样)。
- 文档延伸:结合文档逻辑,表选择如 “Do you want tea or coffee?”(你要茶还是咖啡?);表警告如 “Hurry up or you’ll be late”(快点,否则你会迟到)。
- 易错点:表选择时,疑问句用 “or”,肯定句用 “and”(如 “我有苹果 and 香蕉” 是都有,“我有苹果 or 香蕉” 是选一个)。
2. either … or(要么…… 要么……)
- 用法:比 “or” 更强调 “二选一”,且连接的 “两个选项必须对等”(人 + 人、事物 + 事物、动作 + 动作),动词 “就近原则”(靠近哪个主语,动词就随哪个)。
- 文档例句:“Either you or I must tell him”(🔶123)—— 连接 “you” 和 “I”,二选一 “要么你要么我告诉他”,动词 “must tell” 随靠近的 “I”,无单复数变化;另一例 “He plays either soccer or rugby”(🔶123)—— 连接 “soccer” 和 “rugby”,二选一 “要么踢足球要么玩橄榄球”。
- 易错点:不能连接不对等成分(如 “Either you or telling him”,错,应连接 “you or I”);动词就近原则(如 “Either he or they are right”,靠近 “they”,动词用复数 “are”)。
五、表 “否定并列” 的连词(否定两个选项)
neither … nor(既不…… 也不……)
- 用法:否定 “两个并列的事物或动作”,连接的成分必须对等,动词 “就近原则”。
- 课文原句:“he spoke neither slowly nor clearly”(🔶122 第 6 行)—— 否定 “slowly”(慢)和 “clearly”(清楚),都是副词,成分对等;文档例句 “He speaks neither English nor French”(🔶123)—— 否定 “English” 和 “French”,都是语言,成分对等。
- 易错点:别把顺序放错(如 “He neither speaks English nor French”,错,应把 “neither…nor” 放在 “English” 和 “French” 前);动词就近原则(如 “Neither he nor I am late”,靠近 “I”,动词用 “am”)。
六、表 “递进” 的连词(后句比前句更进一层)
1. not only … but … as well(不仅…… 而且……)
- 用法:强调 “后句比前句程度更深、范围更广”,连接的成分必须对等,“as well” 可省略,前后句主语相同。
- 课文原句:“I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well”(🔶122 第 3-4 行)——“认真说”(基础)→“清楚说”(更进一层),成分都是 “副词短语”,对等;文档例句 “You must not only wash the dishes but sweep the floor as well”(🔶123)——“洗碗”(基础)→“擦地”(更进一层),符合用法。
- 易错点:不能省略 “not only” 或 “but”(如 “I spoke carefully but clearly as well”,错,缺 “not only” 就无递进含义)。
2. not only … but also(不仅…… 而且……)
- 用法:和 “not only … but … as well” 完全一样,只是 “as well” 换成了 “also”,更简洁,连接成分仍需对等。
- 文档延伸:结合课文内容,可把课文原句改为 “I not only spoke English very carefully, but also very clearly”—— 意思不变,“also” 可放在 “very clearly” 前,更突出递进;文档例句可改为 “You must not only wash the dishes but also sweep the floor”,用法完全一致。
- 易错点:“also” 可放在 “but” 后、“并列成分” 前(如 “not only read but also write”),不用放在句末,避免和 “as well” 混淆位置。
Structure 句型
3 English ______ not a difficult language.
(a) are (b) is (c) was (d) has
4 ______ did you repeat your question? Several times.
(a) How many times (b) How many (c) How much (d) How
5 He didn’t speak slowly and he didn’t speak clearly ______.
(a) neither (b) either (c) too (d) nor
6 The porter and I looked at each other. ______ both smiled.
(a) I (b) He (c) We (d) They
7 He said something and I understood it. He said something ______ I understood.
(a) who (b) whose (c) whom (d) which
Vocabulary 词汇
8 I repeated my question several times. I repeated it ______ times.
(a) much
(b) a number of
(c) only a few
(d) three
9 At last he understood. He understood ______.
(a) in the end
(b) at least
(c) lastly
(d) at the finish
10 I come from abroad. I am ______.
(a) a foreigner
(b) strange
(c) overseas
(d) abroad
11 My teacher ______ me English.
(a) learnt
(b) trained
(c) instructed
(d) taught
12 ‘You’ll soon learn English,’ he said. I wonder. I ______.
(a) am not sure
(b) am sure
(c) wander
(d) know