G9-U5 Grammar Focus

Are your shirts made of cotton?​Yes, they are. And they were made in the US.​
What’s the model plane made of?​It’s made of used wood and glass.​
Where is tea produced in China?​It’s produced in many different areas.​
How is tea produced?​Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.​

主动语态(Active Voice)​: People grow tea in Hangzhou.
被动语态(Passive Voice)​: Tea is grown (by people) in Hangzhou.

主动语态:主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态。
被动语态:主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者,谓语动词用被动语态。

  1. 不知道或者没必要提及动作的执行者。
    His bike was stolen yesterday.
  2. 动作的执行者不是人时。
    We were stopped by the storm.
  3. 强调动作的承受者。
    Rome was not built in a day.
  1. 一般现在时:am/is/are (+not)+过去分词 
    The film is called Snow White.
  2. 一般过去时:was/were(+not)+ 过去分词 
    This poem wasn’t written by him.
  3. 一般将来时:will(not)/be (not)going to be + 过去分词
    The work will be done next week.
  4. 现在进行时:am/is/are(+not)+being+过去分词 
    A new film is being shown in the theatre.
  5. 过去进行时:was/were(+not)+being+过去分词 
    The road was being widened at that time.
  6. 现在完成时:have/has (+not)+been+过去分词 
    The flowers have been destroyed by the rain.

变化过程
第一步:将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语。若宾语时人称代词,需要用其主格形式。
第二步:将主动语态中主语变为被动语态中的by短语(在被动语体中作状语)。若主语时人称代词,需要用其宾格形式。
第三步:主动语态中的谓语动词变为被动形式(be+过去分词)
注意:主动转被动之后,动词的人称和数与被动语态的主语保持主谓一致,时态与原句时态保持一致。

  1. feel, smell,taste,sound,remain,prove等连系动词后接形容词时,没有被动语态(用主动形式表示被动意义)。
    These flowers smell good.
  2. begin,start,stop,finish,happen,take place,occur等表示“开始”“结束”“发生”的动词(短语),没有被动语态。
    The sports meeting starts at 2 p.m.
  3. have,belong to等表示所属关系等动词(词组),没有被动语态。
    This book belongs to Mike.
  4. hold,cost,fit,suit等表示状态等及物动词作谓语时,没有被动语态。
    The hall can hold 3,000 people.
  5. open,read,write,clean,sell,cut,burn,drive等表示主语属性、特征、状态等动词与well,easily等副词连用时,没有被动语态(用主动形式表示被动意义)。
    His book sells well.

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