强调句的定义

对句子的部分内容进行突出强调，表示句子的重点信息，这时就需要用强调句。

• It was last summer that I graduated from university.
• Do be careful when you cross the road.

单词表示强调

• 用very，only，such等修饰名词或形容词来进行强调。
  • This is the very lowest price.
• 用ever，just，really，badly等副词来进行强调。
  • What ever do you mean by saying that?
  • I really don’t know how to solve the problem.

助动词表示强调

• 强调谓语动动作，常用助动词do/does/did，在一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，意为“确实”。
  • She did send you a letter last week.
• 在肯定祈使句中，意为“务必”。
  • Do come early.

句式表示强调

• 强调主语、宾语、状语等，用句型“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who…“。
  • It is Lily that/who sent me the letter.
  • It is red that he was painted the door.
  • 注意：强调句中，无论被强调部分指人或物，单数还是复数，be动词都用is/was。
• It is/was + not until + 被强调部分 + that…，意为“直到······才”。
  • It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.
  • It was not until the end of the letter that she mentioned her plan.

省略句的定义

在说话或写文章时，为了避免重复，常省略句子中的部分成分，但是仍能表达完整意思，这样的句子称为省略句。
—— How are you today?
——(I’m) Fine. Thank you.

句子成分的省略

省略部分	示例
省略主语	(It) Sounds good.
省略谓语	(Do) You finish?
省略宾语	Shake (it) well before use.
省略表语	—— Are you hungry? —— Yes, I am (hungry).
省略定语	If you need these books, I can lend you all (of them).
省略状语	I got first place. (How) Wonderful!

不同句式中的省略

• 简单句中的省略
  • 在简单句中，对话双方都知道谈论的对象时，可以省略句子的主语。
    • (You) Didn’t go to the party?
• 复合句中的省略
  • 在并列复合句中，有相同成分时，相同的成分可以省略。
    • Suzhou is called “the paradise on earth”, and it is (the paradise on earth).
    • The city is famous for the lake and the lake (is famous) for the city.
  • 主从复合句的省略：宾语从句中，主从句谓语部分相同，可省略从句的谓语；状语从句中，主从句主语相同，可省略从句主语和be动词；在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom一般可省略。
    • The computer won’t work. I wonder why (it won’t work).
    • I met the girl while (I was) on a visit to New York.