2.4 特殊疑问句
特殊句特点：
由疑问词发问，不能用“Yes, …”或“No，…”回答的问句。
疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what
疑问副词： when, where, why, how
下文为表述方便，我们将其统称为wh-疑问词；
两种语序：正常语序和倒装语序
| 结构 | 语序 | |
|---|---|---|
| wh-疑问词作主语 | wh-疑问词+谓语+其他+···？ | 正常语序（陈述句语序） |
| wh-疑问词作其他成分 | wh-疑问词+助动词+加主语+其他+···？ | 倒装语序 |
| 简言之，若wh-疑问词作主语，则特殊疑问句就是正常语序；若wh-疑问词作其他成分（如宾语、补语、状语），则特殊疑问句就是倒装语序。 #《语法体系》 P25 |
[!NOTE] 不可与名词连用动疑问词
1）对人提问：who
2）对事物或相关事情提问：what
3）对时间提问：when
4）对地点提问：where
5）对方式提问：how
6）对原因提问：why
| 疑问词 | 提问内容 | 陈述句 | 特殊疑问句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| who | 对人提问 | He can sing in English. I saw him at the party last night. | Who can sing in English? Who did you see at the party last night? |
| what | 对事物或相关事情提问 | I am studying English grammar. I’d like to go swimming tomorrow. | What are you doing? What would you like to do tomorrow? |
| when | 对时间提问 | I was born in 1990. | When were you born? |
| where | 对地点提问 | He lives in Beijing. | Where does he live? |
| how | 对方式提问 | He goes to school by bus. | How does he go to school? |
| why | 对原因提问 | I often study at the library because it’s quiet. | Why do you often study at library? |
[!NOTE] 与名词连用的疑问词
1）which：当说话者提供多种选择对象供对方选择时，就用which来提问。此时which通常与名词连用，意思是“哪一个···”。
2) whose：后面必须接名词连用，表示“谁的···”。A: Could you lend me your pen?
B: Sure, I have two pens. This pen has black ink. That pen has red ink.
Which pen/ Which one/ Which do you want?
A: That red one. Thanks.
- This is his book. – Whose book is this?
- I borrowed Jack’s car last night. – Whose car did you borrow last night?
[!NOTE] how用法详解 #how
1）how可以单独使用，此时how是对动作方式进行提问。
2）how与形容词或副词连用。
3）对动作发生的频率提问：How often/How many times…?
- How do you go to work? – I drive. / By car. / On foot.
- How did he break his leg? – He fell off the ladder.
- How old are you?
- How tall is he?
- How quickly can you get here?
- How well does he speak English?
- I call my parents once a week? – How often do you call your parents?
- I go shopping twice a week. – How many times a week do you go shopping?
[!important] 其他表示频率的短语
| every every other（每隔一···） once a twice a three times a | day/ week/ month/ year |
|---|
- how构成的常见中考疑问短语：
- how many (多少个)（独立用；或跟可数名词），
- how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词)，
- how old（多大年纪）
- how far（多远）
- how often（多常）
- how long（多久，多长）
- how soon（多久以后）
- how many times（多少次）
- 特殊疑问词疑问部分可以根据情况有两个以上的疑问词。
- When and where were you born?
- 疑问词如果在句中是介词的宾语，则该介词可以在句首，也可以在句尾。
- What do you want a computer for?
- For what do you want a computer?
- Why引出的特殊疑问句也可以使用否定式。
- Why don’t you ask Tom for help?
- =Why not ask Tom for help?