1.2 there be句型(存现句)

there be 句型的含义

  • 表示“某地有某物或某人”。e.g. There is a tree in the park.

there be 句型的结构

  • 肯定句:There+be+主语(+状语). e.g. There are some books on the desk.
  • 否定句:There+be+not/no+主语(+状语).e.g. There aren’t any books on the desk.
  • 一般疑问句:Be+there+主语(+状语)?e.g. Are there any books on the desk?
  • 特殊疑问句:一般情况下,there be句型的特殊疑问句,主要是对数量进行提问,结构如下:
    • How/many/much + 名词 + be + there (+介词短语)?
    • e.g. How many books are there on the desk?

there be 句型的主谓一致

  • 基本原则
    • there be句型中只有一个主语时,be动词与主语的单复数保持一致。
      • 当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;当主语时可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。
      • There is an apple/some paper on the table.
      • There are some apples on the table.
      • 当主语为可数名词复数,若前面有a pair of,a series of等修饰时,谓语动词用单数;若前面有pairs of,kinds of等修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
      • There is a pair of shoes on the desk.
      • There are two pair of shoes on the desk.
  • 就近原则
    • there be句型中有两个或两个以上的主语时,be动词与邻近的主语的单复数保持一致。
    • There is an apple and three oranges on the table.
    • There are three oranges and an apple on the table.

there be 句型和have/has的区别

两者都表示“有”,但是there be句型强调客观存在;have/has强调主观所属。注意:不存在there have或there has结构。

there be 句型和have/has的区别

  • 一般现在时
    • 肯定句:There is/are + 主语(+状语).
    • 否定句:There is/are not + 主语(+状语).
    • 一般疑问句:Is/Are there + 主语(+状语)?
  • 一般过去时
    • 肯定句:There was/were + 主语(+状语).
    • 否定句:There was/were not + 主语(+状语).
    • 一般疑问句:Was/Were there + 主语(+状语)?
  • 一般将来时
    • 肯定句:There will be + 主语(+状语).
    • There is/are going to be + 主语(+状语).
    • 否定句:There will not + 主语(+状语).
    • There is/are not going to be + 主语(+状语).
    • 一般疑问句:Will there be + 主语(+状语)?
    • Is/Are there going to be + 主语(+状语)?

there be 句型的反意疑问句

  • 当陈述部分只有be动词时:陈述句部分为肯定时,附加疑问句用“be+not+there?”;陈述句部分为否定时,附加疑问句用“be+there?”。
    • There are many trees, aren’t there?
    • There aren’t any trees, are there?
  • 当称述部分有情态动词will时:陈述句部分为肯定时,附加疑问句用“won’t+there?”;陈述句部分为否定时,附加疑问句用“will+there?”。
    • There will be a football match tomorrow, won’t there?
    • There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there?

there used to be的用法

意为“(某地)曾经有······”,强调曾经有,而现在已经没有了。
e.g. There used to be 3 chickens in the cage two months ago.

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