倒装句：为了情调、突出等语用目的而颠倒原有语序的句式。
在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复愿为而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。

完全倒装：将句子中谓语动词完全移到主语之前。结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

部分倒装：只将句中助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

倒装句的意义：

1. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首。
   • Only in this way can you make a difference.
2. 为了避免句子部分内容没有必要的重复，起到承上启下的作用。
   • —Her father is an engineer.
   • —So is mine.
3. 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象，增加语言效果，可将表示方向的副词（如：down，up，out，in，off，on，away等）置于句首，句子采用全部倒装的语序（主语为人称代词的句子除外）。
   • Up went the rocket into the air.

初中完全倒装句的常见两种情况：

1. 以地点副词here，there和时间副词now，then开头，后面的动词是be，come，go，lie，remain等，而主语又是名词时。
   • There goes the bell.
   • Here is your pocket money.
   • Then came the policeman.
2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首。
   • Out rushed a missile.
   • Under that tree sits a cute boy.
   • In the village lived an old scientist.
   • 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须时名词，如果主语时人称代词则不能完全倒装。
   • Here he comes.
   • Away they went.

倒装句的应用

1. 在”there be“结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
   • There is a cup of coffee on the table.
2. 在疑问句中，通常使用在主语之前放置助动词的倒装方法，对主语提问除外。
   • How did he find the lost book?
3. 感叹句中通常将被感叹的部分前移，而将句子的主谓语整体后置。
   • What open-minded parents they are!
4. 用在以so，nor，neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示”也一样“、”也这样“；nor，neither用于否定句，表示”同样也不，也不这样“。
   • I am watching TV. So is Tom.
   • —One of my friends can speak Japanese.
   • —So can my wife.
   • My parents didn’t watch TV last night.
   • Neither/Nor did I.
   • 注意：“So+谓语+主语”倒装结构中的主语和上文的人物不是一个人，而结构“so+主语+谓语”中的主语和上文的人物是同一个人，表示认同上文的情况。
   • —Tom can play football well.
   • —So can I.
   • —You can play football well.
   • —So I can.
5. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。
   • “Very well,” said the French student.
   • “Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said Mr. Li.
   • 注意：主句中谓语动词另有宾语时，不倒装。
   • “You have done a good job”, the professor said to his assistants.

1. 在以never，little，hardly，not only，few，not，seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。
   • Little did he say at the meeting.
   • Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
   • 如不放在句首就不要倒装。
   • He said little at the meeting.
   • I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
2. 用于以only所修饰的介词短语或状语从句的句子中。
   • Only in this way can we learn English well.
   • Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to go back home to live a happy life.
   • 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
     • Only Miss Wang knows this.
3. 在虚拟语气中，条件从句的谓语含有were，had和should这三个词时，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前进行倒装。
   • If I had got the time, I would have gone to help you.
   • =Had I got the time, I would have gone to help you.
4. as引导让步状语从句时要倒装。
   • Rich as they are, they don’t show off.
   • Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（注意：Child前不加冠词）
   • Hard as he worded, he made little progress.
5. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
   • May you succeed！
   • May you Happy Teacher’day!
   • Long live the People’s Republic of China!
6. so/such…that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so/such和that之间的部分：
   • So unreasonable was his price that everybody cannot accept it.
   • Such a naughty boy is he that his mother often scolds him.

学而思-倒装句

倒装句的定义

英语中句子的基本语序是“主语+谓语+宾语+其他成分”，但有时为了突出强调等目的，要把宾语或其他成分，甚至谓语的一部分或者全部移到主语之前，构成倒装语序，这样的句子被称为倒装句。

• The box is behind me.
• Behind me is the box.

倒装句的分类

• 部分倒装：讲谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词）置于主语之前的句子。
  • Only in this way can we learn English well.
• 完全倒装：谓语部分完全放在主语之前的句子。
  • Here comes the bus.
  • On the bed are two books.

部分倒装

• “Only+状语”位于句首，用部分倒装，其结构为：
  • Only + 状语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他部分
  • Only then did he realise his mistakes.
  • 注意：only修饰主语时，不用倒装。
• so/neither/nor 意为“也（不）······”，表示前面句子中的情况也适用于后面的句子，用部分倒装。
  • ”so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语“意为”某人/某物也一样“。
    • They can leave now and so can we.
  • 注意：如果仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和，前后主语一致，不用倒装。
    • —— He studies hard.
    • —— So he does.
  • neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语，意为“某人/某物也不·····”。
    • Lily can’t ride a bicycle and neither can Lucy.
• 否定或含有否定意义的词（组）位于句首时，用部分倒装。
  • Never before have I seen such a moving.

完全倒装

• 以表示时间、地点、方位等副词开头，且主语是名词（短语）等句子，用完全倒装。常见这类副词有：now，then，here，there，out，in，up，down，away等。
  • There goes the train!
  • Here is your ticket!
  • Now comes your turn.
  • Out went the children.
  • 注意：若主语是人称代词，不用倒装。
• 以介词或介词短语开头，且主语为名词的句子，用完全倒装。
  • Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.
  • Next to the table is a chair.
  • Below are some reference books.

常见倒装句句型

• not until + 时间/从句 + 部分倒装，意为 “直到······才······”。
  • Not until 8:00 at night did we have supper.
  • 注意：not until 引导时间状语从句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
  • Not until he was sixteen did he go to school.
• not only + 部分倒装，but（also）+ 正常语序，意为“不仅······而且······”。
  • Not only did he pass the exam but he also got the highest score.
• no sooner + 部分倒装 + than + 正常语序，意为“一······就······”，此时倒装部分常用过去完成时，than后常用一般过去时。
  • No sooner had his head touched the pillow than he fell asleep.
• so/such + 形容词/副词 + 部分倒装 + that + 正常语序，意为，“如此······以至于······”。
  • So badly did he write the letter that I couldn’t read it.