5.2 非谓语【动名词&分词】

动名词的构成

动名词是由动词原形+-ing构成,具有名词的性质,在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语。
Jack enjoys running around the park.

分词的构成

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,起到形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、宾语补足语、状语和表语。
现在分词表示主动或正在进行,过去分词表示被动或完成。
There are some boys swimming in the river.
The meeting held yesterday was very important.

动名词的句法功能

  • 作主语:谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
    • Learning English is very difficult.
  • 作宾语:表示习惯性的行为或经常性的动作。
    • 作动宾:I like reading books.
    • 作介宾:Can you prevent him from smoking?
    • 补充:常见的接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语:
    • suggest,allow,avoid,consider,enjoy,mind,admit,be worth,finish,can’t help,practise,keep on,be busy,be used to,give up,have difficult/trouble(in)做某事有困难
  • 作表语:表示主语的性质、特征等。
    • His job is driving a bus.
  • 作定语:表示所修饰词的用途、所属关系等,常位于所修饰词前。
    • The reading room can hold 100 people.

动词不定式和动名词作宾语或宾语补足语的区别

  • 动名词作宾语,表示习惯性动作;动词不定式作宾语,侧重具体的一次性动作。
    • I like playing football.
    • I like to play football with my friends.
  • 感官动词后接动名词或省略to的动词不定式:接动名词时,表示正在进行的动作;接省略to的动词不定式时,表示动作的全过程或强调动作经常发生。
    • I see her dancing in the classroom.
    • I often see her dance in the classroom.
  • 动词不定式和动名词作宾语的意义和区别
动词不定式动名词
remember to do sth. 记住做某事(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(未做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事(未做)regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已做)
try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事

分词的句法功能

  • 作表语:现在分词作表语说明事物的特点、性质,过去分词作表语表示事物的状态。
    • The movie is interesting.
    • The computer is broken.
  • 作定语:单个分词作定语,常位于被修饰词前;分词短语作定语,常位于被修饰词后。
    • The man speaking to the teacher is my father.
    • Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere.
  • 作状语:作伴随状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
    • He sat there, reading a book.
  • 作补足语
    • They kept us waiting for a long time.
    • They hope to see the problem solved peacefully.

类似文章

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注