3.1 一般现在时

定义

• 表示现在的情况或状态。 e.g. I am twelve years old.
• 表示经常性、习惯性或反复发生的动作或状态。e.g. I usually go to school on foot.
• 表示客观真理、事实。 e.g. The sun rises in the east.

---

常与一般现在时连用的时间标志词

• 频率副词：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never
• on+星期复数：on Mondays，on weekends
• every系列：every day，every year
• 固定周期：once a week，three times a year

---

一般现在时的结构

含有be动词的一般现在时构成

2. 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+其他 e.g. He is a student.
3. 否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+其他 e.g. He isn’t a student.
4. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+其他？e.g. Is he a student?
   1. 肯定回答：Yes，主语+am/is/are. e.g. Yes, he is.
   2. 否定回答：No，主语+am/is/are+not. e.g. No, he isn’t.

含有实义动词的一般现在时构成

5. 肯定句：主语+动词原形/[[动词第三人称单数形式]]+其他。 e.g. She likes milk.
6. 否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 e.g. She doesn’t like milk.
7. 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他？e.g. Does she like milk?
   1. 肯定回答：Yes，主语+do/does. e.g. Yes, she does.
   2. 否定回答：No，主语+don’t/doesn’t. e.g. No, she doesn’t.

[!tip] 为什么借助助动词do/does来构成否定和一般疑问句？
否定句中，无法在动词上加not，所以需要引用助动词do/does来承担谓语形式一致性，且否定功能和一般疑问句提问。因此，由于助动词承担了主谓一致性的功能和作用，所以原句中的实义动词可以保持原形状态。

• ✘ She not like milk.
• ✘ She doesn’t likes milk.
• ✔️ She doesn’t like milk.

只能使用一般现在时的情况

用在客观真理、科学事实、自然现象、节日日期、名言警句，要用一般现在时。
e.g. Light travels faster than sound.

[!NOTE] 注意
在复合句中，当从句表示客观真理时，要用一般现在时，且不受主句时态的影响。
e.g. The teacher told us that the sun sets in the west.

一般现在时表将来

表示按照时间表将要发生的动作或事件，或事先安排好的动作，要用一般现在时表示将来。多用于非延续性动词，如come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return等。
e.g. The train starts at 7:30 a.m.

[!tip] 为什么一般现在时中，会有主句将来时，从句用一般现时这个规则？

1. 避免时态冗余：- 主句已明确使用将来时（如 will），从句的动作虽发生在未来，但通过连接词（如 when、if）的语义已隐含时间或条件关系，无需重复使用将来时。

• ✖ When he will arrive, I will call you. （冗余，when已表明时间关系）

1. 状态导向与条件简化：- 从句侧重表达事件的状态或可能性，而非具体时刻的将来动作。现在时更直接描述该状态的存在。

• If she has time, she will join us. （是否“有时间”是当前或未来的潜在状态，无需强调时间线。）

一般现在时综合训练

8. He ——– (go) swimming every day. 【标志词】
9. Leo usually ———- (do) his homework after supper.【标志词】
10. The girl seldom ———- (study) in her free time. She often plays games.【标志词】
11. My father almost never ———- (go) to the library.【标志词】
12. A smile ——— (cost) nothing, but it brings light to other people and yourself.【客观事实】
13. The man always ——- (sell) fruits here in the morning.【标志词】
14. Tom usually ——— (collection) stamps as a hobby.【标志词】

goes/does/studies/goes/costs/sells/collects

A few years ago, my father bought a parrot. It———(have) black feathers and can learn——– (say) any words it is taught. Every morning, it———(greet) my parents warmly. This brings the great happiness to my parents. My parents———-(live) in the countryside. They have three sons — my two brothers and me. However, all of us are in different cities. For my parents, the happiest time of the year is the yearly gathering at the Spring Festival. For most of the year, my parents only——–(speak) to each other. They feel a bit lonely sometimes. With the parrot at home, they feel much———-(good). The parrot is like their fourth son. It usually——-(stay) in a cage. Sometimes my parents——–(let) it fly out of the cage, but it usually——–(return) to the cage itself. In the daytime, it talks a lot and talks loudly. But at night when my parents fall asleep, it always ———(keep) quiet.

has/to say/greets/live/speak/better/stays/let/returns/keeps

[!example] 实战中快速识别一般现在时考点

1. 识别一般现在时标志词，频率副词与表示频率性词组；
2. 若没有频率性表达，确认是否是客观真理或事实；
3. 一般考察动词形式，保证主谓一致，否定或一般疑问时，实义动词需要借助助动词do/does；
4. 【难点】主将从现规则，避免时态冗余，简化表达。

难点突破

• Every year, our city ——– (provide) books and school things for the children in mountain villages.
• In the past, people didn’t know that the earth ——– (move) around the sun.
• Mr. Sun is patient and he always ——– (tell) us not to worry about giving wrong answers.
• When the summer ——- (pass), they’ll weigh themselves again to see how many pounds they have lost during the hot season.
• I’ll write to you as soon as I —— (arrive) there.
• The train —— (leave) at eight tomorrow morning.
• The kids —— (start) school on Monday.

provides/ moves/tells/ passes/ arrive/leaves/ start