2.2 疑问句

疑问句的分类

疑问句可分为四类：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

一般疑问句

1. 功能：询问某种事情或情况是否属实，表示“是否”或“是不是”。
2. 一般疑问句的结构
   1. be动词+主语+表语+其他？ e.g. Is he a student？
   2. 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？e.g. Can you speak Chinese？
   3. 助动词+主语+分词/动词原形+其他？e.g. Does she go to school on foot?
3. 一般疑问句的回答
   1. 肯定回答：yes，主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词。e.g. Yes, she does.
   2. 否定回答：No，主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词+not。e.g. No, she doesn’t.

[!NOTE] 谓语动词含有be动词或情态动词
构成一般疑问句时，只需将be动词或情态动词移到句首。

肯定句	一般疑问句	回答
He is a teacher.	Is he a teacher?	Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
He can swim.	Can he swim?	Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.

[!NOTE] 谓语动词是实义动词
构成一般疑问句时，要借助于助动词do或does，将do或does放在句首。

肯定句	一般疑问句	回答
He likes English.	Does he like English?	Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
I like English.	Do I like English?	Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

特殊疑问句

1. 功能：由特殊疑问词引导，就句中某一特殊成分进行提问。
2. 结构：特殊疑问词+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语+谓语+其他？e.g. Where are you from？
3. 特殊疑问词

类别	特殊疑问词
疑问代词	what，who，whom，whose，which
疑问副词	where，when，why，how
疑问词组	how old how often how far how many how much how long how soon

特殊疑问词what的句式搭配

问日期/星期	What date is today? What’s the date today? What day is it today?
问天气	What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?
问人口	What’s the population of …?
问意见	What do you think of…? How do you like…?

选择疑问句

1. 功能：提供两个或多个选项，供对方选择。
2. 标志词：or，意为“或者；还是”。

• Which would you like better, juice or milk?

1. 选择疑问句的回答：一般不用”Yes./No.”，而用完整的句子或其省略形式。

• Do you like juice or milk?
• I like milk./Milk.

反意疑问句

1. 功能：说话者提出某种看法或情况，问对方是否同意或情况是否属实。
2. 反意疑问句的结构
   1. 肯定陈述句+否定简短疑问句？（前肯后否）e.g. It’s hot today, isn’t?
   2. 否定陈述句+肯定简短疑问句（前否后肯）e.g. You don’t like oranges, do you?
3. 反意疑问句的回答

• 无论陈述句为肯定还是否定，根据实际情况进行回答，实际情况是肯定的，用“Yes+肯定结构”；实际情况是否定的，用“No+否定结构”。
• The sun doesn’t rise in the east, does it? – Yes, it does.