词法|07 数词

7.1 基数词

基数词的表达方法

  1. 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词
1one
2two20twenty
3three13thirteen30thirty23twenty-three
4four14fourteen40forty
5five15fifteen50fifty35thirty-five
6six16sixteen60sixty
7seven17seventeen70seventy
8eight18eighteen80eighty
9nine19nineteen90ninety
10ten100one(a) hundred
11eveven101one hundred and one
12twelve
  1. 21-99先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符;
    • 23—twenty-three.
    • 89—eighty-nine.
  2. 101-999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
    • 586—five hundred and eighty-six
    • 803—eight hundred and three
  3. 1000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion,然后一节一节地逐一表示。
    • 1,001—one thousand and one
    • 6,260,309—six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

基数词的用法

  1. 作主语
    • Four of them come from Paris.
  2. 作宾语
    • —How many books would you like.
    • —I would like two.
  3. 作表语
    • Seven minus two is five.
  4. 作定语
    • There are three people in my family.
  5. 作同位语
    • You two will go swimming with us.
  6. 表示时刻
    • I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
  7. 表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加of。
    • hundreds of (数百,成百上千的)
    • thousands of (数千,成千上万的)
    • millions of (数百万)
    • They arrived in twos and threes.
  8. 表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代
    • He is in his early thieties.
    • This took place in the 1930s.
  9. 表达小数
    • 5.8—five point eight
    • 0.13—zero point three

7.2 序数词

序数词的表达方法

  1. 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。
21sttwenty-first
20thtwentieth22ndtwenty-second
13ththirteenth30ththirtieth23rdtwenty-third
14thfourteentth40thfortieth
15thfifteenth50thfiftieth35ththirty-fifth
16thsixteenth60thsixtieth
17thseventeenth70thseventieth
18theighteenth80theightieth
19thnineteenth90thninetieth
100thone hundredth
101stone hundred and first
  1. 一般在基数词后加th
    • four—fourth.
    • thirteen—thirteenth.
  2. 不规则变化;
    • one — first
    • two — second
    • three — third
    • five — fifth
    • eight — eighth
    • nine — ninth
    • twelve — twelfth
  3. 以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th。
    • twenty — twentieth
    • forty — fortieth
    • ninety — ninetieth
  4. 从二十一后的“几十几”直到“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
    • twenty-first
    • two hundred and forty-fifth

序数词的用法

  1. 序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用
    • Tom is their second son.
    • He is the first one to come here.
  2. 序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上”又一“,“再一”
    • He tried a second time.
    • Shall I ask him a third time?
  3. 序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。
    • 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd.
  4. 表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。
    • 2005年8月15日:
      • 【英】15,8,2005 = 15th, August, 2005;
      • 【美】8,15,2005 = August 15th, 2005.
  5. 基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。
    • No.1 (1号)
    • No.3 bus 3路公共汽车
    • Room 103 103号房间
    • The first lesson = Lesson Two (第二课)
  6. 分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s
    • 1/3 one third
    • 2/5 two fifths
  7. 数学运算的表达
    • 3+5=8 — Three plus/and five is eight.
    • 9-2=7 — Nine minus two is seven.
    • 6×5=30 — Five times six is thirty.
    • 8/2=4 — Eight divided by two is four.

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