句法|3.2 进行时态
[!NOTE] 进行时态的构成与意义
1)进行时态的构成:be+doing,注意这里的be动词不是系动词,而是助动词, 没有“是”的意思。2)进行时态的意义:强调在某个特定的(现在、过去或将来)时间点,某项活动正在发生。这个特定的时刻可以是某一具体的时间或另一具体活动。
1.给出具体时间:
【例】I will be watching CCTV news at this time tomorrow evening.
2.通过另一活动表达这一特定时刻:
【例】I will be studying English when you come tomorrow.
三种时间的进行时态 | 形式 |
---|---|
现在进行时态 | I am doing… We/You/They are doing… He/She/It is doing… |
过去进行时态 | I/He/She/It was doing… We/You/They were doing… |
将来进行时态 | will be doing |
3.2.1 现在进行时态
[!NOTE] 现在进行时态的基本用法
1)表示说话此刻正在进行。
2)表示现阶段正在持续的动作。这时进行时态表示的是一个一般性的活动,在说话时刻这个动作并不一定正在发生。
3)表示最近的将来已定的安排。通常含有“计划”、“安排做”之意。
4)现在进行时常与always,forever,continually,constantly等连用,往往表示抱怨、厌烦、不合情理或使人不愉快的事。
用法 | 图解 | 例句 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|
1) | + | What program are you watching? I am studying. | 当下正在进行的动作。 |
2) | ····+···· | These days I am translating a book. Are you working this week? | 现阶段正在持续的动作。 |
3) | +· | I am taking a makeup test tomorrow. | 我明天要补考。 |
4) | –+– | He’s continually asking me for money. My wife is forever looking for her keys. | 表示抱怨,一如既往。 |
- 现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
- 现在进行时的结构为“am/is/are+现在分词”
- We are having dinner with Lance.
- 现在进行时的时间状语有“now,at the moment, these…”等
- What are you doing now?
- I am watching TV in the living room at the moment.
- Tom is writing a long novel these days.
- “look, listen” 这类词放在句首时,通常表示后面是正在发生的动作。
- Look, he is eating ice cream.
- Listen, Lucy is singing an English song.
- 现在进行时的结构为“am/is/are+现在分词”
- 过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
- 过去进行时的结构为”was/were+现在分词“。
- We were having dinner with Lance.
- 过去进行时的时间状语用”then,at the time, this time yesterday, at seven last night…”以及由when引出的时间状语从句
- He was studing in the university at the time.
- I was cooking supper at home this time yesterday.
- Tom was reading a novel when I came in.
- 过去进行时的结构为”was/were+现在分词“。
3.2.2 过去进行时态
[!NOTE] 过去进行时态的基本用法
1)用来描述一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情。
2)过去进行时态还常常和一般过去时配合使用。此时,过去进行时态通常表示一个历时较长的体现“背景”的动作或状态; 而一般过去时态则表示此“背景”下发生的、短暂的动作或状态。过去进行时态动作先发生,一般过去时态动作后发生。
用法 | 图解 | 例句 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|
1) | – + | I was having dinner with my friends at 10 o’clock last night. | 过去特定时刻发生 |
2) | – + | Mrs. Jones was still cleaning the house when her husband came back from work. She was wearing dirty, old clothes and no stockings; her hair was not tidy; she had dust on her face, and she looked dirty and tired. Her husband looked at her said, “Is this what I come home to see after a hard day’s work?” I was watching TV when the phone rang. | 过去背景发生的动作。 |
3.2.3 将来进行时态
[!NOTE] 将来进行时态的基本用法
1)用来表示一个将来某一特定时刻正在进行的活动。
用法 | 图解 | 例句 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|
1) | + – | I’ll be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow. Don’t call me at nine tomorrow because I will be studying at the library. | 将来特定时刻发生 |